What Is MICR Check Paper and Why Does It Matter?
MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition — the technology banks use to automatically read the routing number, account number, and check number printed along the bottom of every check. U.S. checks must use MICR ink or toner printed in the E-13B font, per standards set by ANSI and enforced through Federal Reserve check-processing rules. Without a correctly printed MICR line, a check can be rejected or delayed by automated sorting equipment — which is why the ink, font, and paper all matter, not just the paper alone.
What Is MICR, Exactly?
MICR is a character-recognition technology that lets high-speed check-processing equipment read the numbers at the bottom of a check magnetically, rather than optically. That's why the numbers on a real check look slightly different from ordinary printed text — they're formatted in a standardized magnetic font, printed in the "clear band" — the bottom 5/8 inch of the check — which must contain nothing else printed in MICR toner.
The E-13B Font Standard
In the United States (and several other countries including Canada, the UK, and Japan), the official MICR font is E-13B. All MICR fonts used for check printing must meet ANSI standard X9.27, and the position of the MICR line on the check is governed by ANSI standard X9.7. This ensures every check — regardless of who printed it or which bank issued it — can be read consistently by any bank's processing equipment.
MICR Ink vs. MICR Toner
MICR ink is used in inkjet printers, while MICR toner is used in laser printers. MICR toner contains iron oxide, which gives it magnetic properties so high-speed check readers can scan it accurately. Originally manufactured MICR toner cartridges are built to meet ANSI standards; remanufactured or refilled cartridges are not guaranteed to meet the same specification, which is worth checking before you buy. Laser printers are generally preferred for check printing because the fused toner is more durable and harder to alter than inkjet ink — see our guide on best printers for printing checks for specific recommendations.
Paper Requirements
Beyond the ink or toner, the paper itself has to meet ANSI-mandated requirements for grain, moisture content, strength, and surface characteristics, so it can withstand automated sorting and handling without jamming or degrading the MICR signal. This is why dedicated check paper — not ordinary printer paper — is required for printing valid checks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I print a check without MICR ink or toner?
You can print the visual layout of a check without MICR ink, but it may not process correctly through automated bank systems, which can cause delays or rejection. MICR ink or toner is required for the check to be machine-readable.
Does regular check paper already have MICR properties?
No. Check paper provides the physical security and durability standards required, but the MICR line itself is created by the ink or toner used to print it — the paper and the ink/toner are two separate requirements that both need to be correct.
Is MICR required for personal checks too, or just business checks?
MICR is required for any check — personal or business — that will be processed through the standard bank clearing system.